Also, what are the risks of investing in these ETFs?
There's a risk of making incorrect assumptions about fully understanding these financial instruments and their future tax implications.
TL;DR: Before purchasing, I recommend reviewing the tax guides provided by the fund so you know exactly what you're getting into. For example, here is the 2023 taxable information for the Goldman Sachs Physical Gold (AAAU) ETF (which is technically a trust) mentioned in the original post:
https://www.gsam.com/content/dam/gs...ATION OF THE TRUST,to U.S. federal income tax
More details below:
When dealing with precious metal funds, it's often assumed that ETFs are involved, but you might actually be buying into a trust (often classified as a grantor trust). Brokerages typically don’t ask, “Are you sure you want to buy a complicated tax situation?” before you click "buy." That’s because you’ve likely agreed to their terms, acknowledging that you’re experienced in trading and responsible for understanding the tax implications of these funds.
The real tax challenges can arise years later when you realize the tax nuances of holding these funds. This might come as a surprise and cause some frustration, especially if you’ve held these investments long-term without understanding their tax treatment. This is because the trust's activity, such as purchases, sales, and expenses, flows to your personal tax return. Even if you don’t sell during the year, you still need to account for this activity. And when you sell, it might not show up in the usual reportable sale sections on your 1099-B form. This is due to a Treasury regulation that exempts the trust and brokers from reporting gross proceeds on these sales (as highlighted in the AAAU tax treatment above). So, it will likely be up to you to track and report these transactions, which can be more complicated than just tracking your purchase and sale prices.
If you’re dealing with a foreign trust, like the Sprott trusts, there are additional tax considerations, such as the PFIC rules, that may require special reporting and optimization in the year of purchase.
I'm not a lawyer or tax expert, but some believe that holding these instruments in retirement accounts can simplify things. In the past, there have been online calculators to help with the tax treatment of these trusts.